Five authoritative scientists including Linda Partridge, founding director of the Max Planck Institute for Aging in Germany, have updated and improved the cellular aging markers based on aging research in the past 10 years, published in the top science journal
The field of aging research has identified 12 markers that represent different organisms common features of aging. Telomere wear identification: telomere length support
This is how telomeres quietly make you older - in-depth research on telomeres .
Three scientists, Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak, were recognized in 2009 for their discovery of "how telomeres and telomerase protect chromosomes." "" This achievement won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Since then, the research and development trend between telomeres and aging has been out of control.
The shortening of telomeres is considered a biological marker of cellular aging. Most of our genetic material is hidden in the chromosomes of cells. The chromosomes are like a long skipping rope. At both ends of the skipping rope, there are protective devices called telomeres to ensure that the DNA and genetic information in the cell can exist completely and stably. When chromosomes are copied, a small segment of end DNA is lost every time they are copied. Telomeres are the protective caps of our chromosomes. Every time a cell divides, a little bit of telomeres will be lost. When it can no longer be shortened, the cell will be unable to divide. And death. After telomeres wear out, the protective caps of chromosomes gradually disappear and the number of cell divisions decreases, resulting in a gradual decrease in the number of cells in important organs. Telomeres are therefore called the "clock of life" by scientists.
Telomeres prevent cells from dividing indefinitely. Not all cells can divide indefinitely, and telomeres can easily be lengthened after being shortened by cell division. Commonly found in eggs, sperm and most stem cells. Regular cells cannot replace the lost information. So in normal cells, telomeres get shorter and shorter with subsequent cell divisions. Once telomeres become severely deficient, cells stop dividing and enter a state of cellular senescence, preparing to be eliminated by the immune system. If cancer cells can achieve limited division, controlling cancer will definitely achieve a century-old success.
Damages in coding regions are difficult to detect, and telomeres protect the coding regions of chromosomes. Normally, DNA is composed of two complementary sequences that can bond to each other. DNA damage can also spontaneously change one base pair into another. Without the protection of a protective cap, the coding region may bond with other molecules, causing serious consequences. If two chromosomes, or one chromosome and other molecules of matter, bonded to each other, it would be a disaster. The use of protective caps at the ends of chromosomes can solve this problem well and prevent the coding region from combining with other positions. The protective cap bonds to DNA in the same way that DNA base pairs.
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